The phrase "Relations of production" basically means "who owns the factories, the robots, the machines, the land" etc.
Basically "who owns the economy" and "what to they use their ownership for?"
Do a small elite own the economy and use it for their own gain?
Or is the economy owned by a much larger proportion of the people so that the economy is administered according to needs, rather than according to monetary gain?
when the Mode of production is revolutionized (such as robotics and automation replacing blue collar jobs, and AI replacing white collar jobs) then the relations of production inevitably fall into contradiction, and must be resolved through a revolution in the means of production
Stalin writes about this in his banger book Dialectical and Historical Materialism
We need to Model the whole economy so we can expose the relations of production