Papal revenues in the Middle Ages

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Book by William Edward Lunt published in 1934

https://archive.org/details/papalrevenuesinm0001lunt

The section titled "Fiscal Administration", Pages 1-51, details the structure and history of the papal camera in terms of the different roles and responsibilities of its members and offices. Notably, it remarks that the camera had judiciary responsibilities similar to the Chambre des Comptes (France) and Exchequer (England). Another interesting remark is that the Avignon Papacy and the internal schism that resulted from it contributed directly to revenue losses, which the Papacy compensated for by expanding Indulgences and Chancery taxes after re-establishing itself in Rome.

The book then goes on to dedicate a chapter to each type of revenue obtained by the church and its historical relevance during different papal periods:

The patrimonies and the States of the Church

The census of protected and exempt ecclesiastical foundations

Tribute

Peter's pence

Income taxes

Subsidies

Services

Visitation tax

Annates

Fruits during vacancies

Fruits wrongfully received

Quindennia

Spoils

Procurations

Indulgences

Legacies for the Holy Land and for warfare against the infidels

Chancery taxes

Compositions

Oblations

Gift and legacies

Profits of jurisdiction

Sale of offices

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