Described in Chapter 1 of Ten Crises: The Political Economy of China's Development (1949-2020)
First political campaign carried out by Peoples Republic of China
Aimed to eliminate 3 harms: corruption, wastefulness, and bureaucratization
Aimed to eliminate 5 venoms: bribery, theft of state property, tax evasion, shoddiness, and economic spying
The 3 harms and 5 venoms were a result of excessive government involvement in industrialization, government involvement was necessitated by the fact that reform killed the inflation that's typically necessary* for primitive accumulation
*author describes this as "the downstream consumption end of the real economy must endure indirect exploitation by accepting overpriced, low-quality products as a way to contribute surplus value to primitive capital accumulation as much and as fast as possible."